Quantum Photonics for Non-Invasive Cancer Diagnostics: A Path Toward Subcellular Imaging Precision

Abstract

Non-invasive cancer diagnostics aim to detect tumors as early as possible without harming the patient. In this project, I explore how quantum photonics can improve medical imaging by using the quantum properties of light to reach subcellular precision. The main idea is to compare classical optical coherence tomography (OCT) with quantum-enhanced imaging that uses single photons, entangled photon pairs, and squeezed-light states. Using a conceptual device model, I examine how quantum light sources could reduce photonic noise, improve contrast, and allow repeated imaging with minimal damage to sensitive tissues. Literature on quantum imaging, biophotonics, and cancer diagnostics is reviewed to connect these ideas to current research in early tumor detection. These studies report gains in axial resolution, depth penetration, and signal-to-noise ratio when quantum effects are used. The project also considers ethical questions, such as fair access, cost, and data privacy, when introducing advanced quantum technologies into healthcare. Overall, the work suggests that quantum photonics can help build safer, faster, and more accurate imaging systems for cancer diagnostics, while supporting responsible and inclusive medical innovation.