Impact of Plant-Based Diets on Long-Term Health: Comparing Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets

Abstract

The growing popularity of plant-based diets has prompted increased interest in their potential health benefits and long-term effects. This research aims to investigate the impact of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets on long-term health outcomes, including chronic disease prevention, weight management, and overall life expectancy. A comparative analysis was conducted, drawing on existing cohort studies and randomized trials to evaluate key health markers such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and the incidence of diseases like cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. The nutritional adequacy of these diets, particularly in relation to essential nutrients like protein, vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids, was also assessed. Preliminary findings suggest that while plant-based diets are associated with lower risks of chronic diseases and improved weight management, attention to specific nutrient deficiencies is crucial for maintaining optimal health. The study concludes that well-planned vegan and vegetarian diets can offer significant long-term health benefits, but omnivorous diets, when balanced and rich in plant foods, may also contribute to positive health outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the sustainability and global applicability of plant-based diets, especially in diverse populations.