Personalized Medicine: How Genetic Differences Affect Drug Responses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62802/8haf5n26Keywords:
personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, genetic variation, drug response, precision medicine, adverse drug reactionsAbstract
Interindividual variability in drug response presents a persistent challenge to effective and safe medical treatment. While conventional pharmacotherapy often relies on standardized dosing regimens, clinical outcomes frequently vary due to underlying genetic differences among patients. This paper examines personalized medicine with a focus on how genetic variation influences drug efficacy, toxicity, and therapeutic optimization. Drawing on advances in genomics, pharmacogenomics, and molecular biology, the study explores how genetic polymorphisms affect drug metabolism, transport, and target interactions. By synthesizing recent research, the paper highlights the clinical relevance of genetic biomarkers in predicting drug response and minimizing adverse drug reactions. The findings underscore the potential of personalized medicine to shift healthcare from population-based treatment paradigms toward individualized therapeutic strategies that improve patient outcomes, enhance drug safety, and support precision healthcare delivery.
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