Quantum-Resilient Cryptography and Financial Stability in Economic Systems

Abstract

The accelerating adoption of quantum computing poses both unprecedented opportunities and systemic risks for global financial systems. While quantum algorithms promise breakthroughs in portfolio optimization, risk modeling, and economic forecasting, the potential compromise of classical cryptographic infrastructures threatens the confidentiality, integrity, and stability of digital financial ecosystems. This study examines the interplay between quantum-resilient cryptography and macro-financial stability, proposing a dual-layer security-economic framework to guide the transition toward post-quantum financial architectures. We evaluate leading post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) standards—including lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based schemes—and assess their performance within high-frequency trading networks, interbank settlement systems, and blockchain-enabled financial platforms. Simulation-based analyses demonstrate that PQC integration introduces measurable computational overheads but significantly strengthens resistance against quantum-enabled cyberattacks, thereby mitigating systemic vulnerabilities that could cascade across financial markets. Our findings highlight that timely migration to quantum-safe cryptography is essential for preserving economic stability, protecting financial institutions from existential cyber risks, and ensuring the long-term resilience of digital economies in the quantum era.