Quantum Computing Approaches to Multi-Scale Modeling of Coupled Thermal, Mechanical, and Electromagnetic Phenomena

Abstract

Multi-scale modeling of coupled thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic phenomena presents one of the most computationally demanding challenges in scientific simulation. These interactions often span quantum-level processes, mesoscopic transport behavior, and macroscopic material responses, requiring integrated frameworks capable of resolving complex nonlinearity, strong coupling, and multi-physics feedback loops. Quantum computing offers a transformative pathway toward more accurate and scalable simulations of such systems. This study investigates quantum-enhanced approaches for modeling heat transfer, stress evolution, electromagnetic field propagation, and their mutual interactions across scales. By integrating quantum algorithms for partial differential equations, quantum linear solvers, and quantum-accelerated spectral and tensor representations, the research explores how quantum models can capture high-dimensional dependencies and strong correlations that classical methods struggle to resolve. The analysis highlights the potential of hybrid quantum–classical workflows to accelerate multi-physics simulation, improve predictive fidelity, and support the design of advanced materials, energy devices, and engineering systems that rely on thermal–mechanical–electromagnetic coupling.